With each iteration of the basic LOOP statement, its statements run and control returns to the top of the loop. The LOOP statement ends when a statement inside the loop transfers control outside the loop or raises an exception.
Topics
Syntax
basic_loop_statement ::=
Description of the illustration basic_loop_statement.gif
§ The Syntax of WHILEWEND loop statement is as follows: WHILE (TEST CONDITION) (Statements OF Loop) WEND. Where, o TEST CONDITION is a numeric or string expression that evaluates whether TRUE or FALSE. O Statements OF Loop is a set of one or more QBASIC statements. O The WHILE Statement always checks the condition before it begins the loop.
- This provides a loop with an exit point at the start and so the loop can be used to create zero or more alterations. You can program everything you want to using nothing but the For and While loop - in fact you really only need the While loop as it combined with the If statement are provably sufficient for any program.
- As promised last chapter, we are now going to show you a new way to set up a program loop. This new method is much easier, albeit at a very slight expense of flexibility. For the most part, however, this new method will work just about anywhere that the one you are using now works.
See 'statement ::='.
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Semantics
statement
To prevent an infinite loop, at least one statement must transfer control outside the loop. The statements that can transfer control outside the loop are:
'CONTINUE Statement' (when it transfers control to the next iteration of an enclosing labeled loop)
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A label that identifies basic_loop_statement (see 'statement ::=' and 'label'). CONTINUE, EXIT, and GOTO statements can reference this label.
Labels improve readability, especially when LOOP statements are nested, but only if you ensure that the label ine the ENDLOOP statement matches a label at the beginning of the same LOOP statement (the compiler does not check).
Examples
Related Topics
In this chapter:
In other chapters:
Conditional execution[edit]
To choose between two or more sections of the program to execute, the IF statement can be used. It is also possible to use the WHILE, DO UNTIL and CASE statements. All of these control conditional execution by using a Boolean logic 'test', the result of which is either TRUE or FALSE. To repeat a section of code for a set number of times, the FOR statement is used.
The IF test can be executed in a single line, however it can also be used like the others to control a block of code.
True or False[edit]
Boolean logic is a test that yields one of only two possible results, true or false. The tests are always mathematical in nature . when two characters (or strings) are 'compared' it is their ASCII codes that are used (thus a < b and b < A).
The comparison operators used in qbasic are:= true if two variables are equal< true if the first is less than the second=< true if the first is less than or equal to the second> true if the first is greater than the second>= true if the first is greater than or equal to the second<> true if the two are unequal
Multiple tests can be linked together in the comparison, using the 'AND', 'OR' and 'NOT' operators. We will cover exactly what these mean later on, but you probably understand the first two already.
IF[edit]
Simple C Program Using While Loop
One of the most useful statements in QBasic is the IF statement. It allows you to choose what your program will do depending on the conditions you give it. The next few programs will be taking a look at ways to use the IF statement.
The single line IF is the simplest example. To execute a block of code, the END IF is used
IF..THEN..ELSE[edit]
To choose between two different code blocks, the ELSE statement is used.
13 ELSEIF[edit]
As an alternative to starting an entirely new IF THEN ELSE statement sequence.You can follow the THEN statement(s) with ELSEIF [conditional] THEN.This does not create a new level of nesting.
IF [conditional] THEN
ELSEIF [conditional] THEN
ELSEIF [conditional] THEN
ELSE
END IF
FOR..NEXT[edit]
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may be + or - and is optional. If omitted the default is +1. The code contained within the FOR loop will always be executed at least once because it is only at the 'NEXT' statement that the value of the variable is checked against the end value.
When the NEXT statement executes, the variable is modified by STEP value and compared against the end value. If the variable has not yet exceeded the end value, control is returned to the line following the FOR.
You can exit a FOR loop early with the EXIT FOR command.
14FOR.BAS[edit]
WHILE..WEND[edit]
If the condition is true, the code following the WHILE is executed. When the WEND command is executed, it returns control to the WHILE statement (where the condition is tested again). When the condition evaluates to FALSE, control is passed to the statement following the WEND.
15WHILE.BAS[edit]
In the example above, you see a press any key prompt that waits until the user presses a key. (The INKEY$ feature will be described under Advanced Input.)
DO..LOOP[edit]
The DO..LOOP construct is a more advanced of the WHILE loop - as with other flow control blocks, it is marked by DO and LOOP to denote the boundaries. Wacky gator too manual.
It relies on a conditional statement placed after either DO or LOOP:
As an alternative, you can instead replace WHILE with UNTIL have the loop continue until a specific condition is met:
In some versions of BASIC the UNTIL or WHILE condition can follow the DO statement rather than the LOOP statement (pre-test) as apposed to the above shown (post-test).
12IF.BAS[edit]
SELECT CASE[edit]
The select statement is a substitute for repeated use of IF statements. The is evaluated and compared against each CASE in turn. When a CASE is found to match, the [do this] code following is executed. If an EXIT CASE is executed, control passes to the line following the END SELECT, otherwise the next CASE is checked. If no matches are found, the CASE ELSE is executed. Note that may be a number, character or string or logical expression (eg '>0', '<>1'). Note also that multiple CASE matches may be found and executed (so, for example, if two CASE are 'CASE >1' and 'CASE >10', a that evaluates to 11 (or more) will result in both CASE >1 and CASE >10 being executed)
If a parameter would be covered by more than one case statement, the first option will take priority.
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